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He describes various incidents unconnected with the robbery which occurred on his way to and from the place where it was committed. Shriram Tukaram, AIR 1999 SC 431. The opinion of a handwriting expert given in evidence is no less fallible than any other expert opinion adduced in evidence with the result that such evidence has to be received with great caution; Ram Narain v. Sohan Lal, AIR 2000 SC 426. That any legal character to which it takes away from any such person ceased at the time from which such judgment, 1order or decree declared that it had cased or should cease. A. Presumption as to electronic records five years old.- Where any electronic record, purporting or proved to be five years old, is produced from any custody which the Court in the particular case considers proper, the Court may presume that the digital signature which purports to be the digital signature of any particular person was so affixed by him or any person authorised by him in this behalf. Such questions are proper if they are of such nature that he truth of the imputation conveyed by them would seriously affect the opinion of the Court as to the credibility of the witness on the matter to which he testifies. The word conduct in this section does not include statements unless those statements accompany and explain acts other than statements; but this explanation is not to affect the relevancy of statements under any other section of this Act. Satya Narayan Bazaz, AIR 1993 Gau 35. Evidence may be given of facts showing which he meant to sell. A is charged with theft and with having been previously convicted of theft. Explanation - The expression general custom or right includes customs or right common The Orient Tavern any considerable class of persons. Ltd. v. Mastan, AIR 2006 SC 577. In eviction suit where person having power of attorney for tenant admits arrears of rent tenant subsequently cannot resile from such admission; Ram Sahai v. A caricature is a document. When the question is, whether any person is owner of anything of which he is shown to be in possession, the burden of proving that he is not the owner is on the person who affirms that he is not the owner. Essay writer! Statement made by A during hiss illness as to his symptoms, are relevant facts. When conviction was based on evidence of eye witness and not on identification parade it cannot be set aside on ground that identification was not reliable; Mullagiri Vajiram v. Every approver comes to give evidence in some such manner seeking to purchase his immunity and that is why to start with he is an unreliable person and the rule of caution calling for material corroboration is constantly kept in mind by the court by time-worn judicial practice; Ravinder Singh v. B cannot be compelled to answer question as to this, except upon thee special order of a superior Court. When a witness whom it is intended to corroborate gives evidence of any relevant fact, he may be questioned as to any other circumstances which he observed at or near to the time or place at which such relevant fact occurred, if the Court is of opinion that such circumstances, if proved, would corroborate the testimony of the witness as to the relevant fat which he testifies.

A letter written by a deceased member of a merchant's firm, by which she was chartered, to their correspondents in London to whom the cargo was consigned, stating that the ship sailed on a given day from Bombay harbour, is a relevant fact. The Court may forbid any question or inquiries which it regards as indecent or scandalous, although such questions or inquiries may have some bearing on the questions before the Court unless they relate to fact in issue or to matters necessary to be known in order to determine whether or not the facts in issue existed. That a man heard or saw something, is a fact. Therefore, she is now debarred by her own conduct from raising the contention before the Court; Sushila Chand v. State of Orissa, 1989 Cr LJ 823: AIR 1989 SC 483. Contradiction in evidence of relationship of witness of triffle nature, not material in a partition suit; Gowhari Das v. Patel Mohmad Asmal Chanchad, AIR 1999 Guj 108. A applies to B for a debt due to A by sending a receipt for the money. Sunita Singh, AIR 1999 MP 174. In dacoity case where all witnesses identified suspects as culprits without margin of error creating doubt in mind of court, such identification is liable to be set aside; Tahir Mohamad, Kamad Girendra Singh and Badri Singh v. Provided the Court be satisfied that there is sufficient reason for the non-production of the original. Tuesday 5 Courts 8:00- 9:30 a.m... check in 7:45a.m. All levels are welcome, including Wheelchair Tennis Players. Contact Gaby Dwyer Tennis Supervisor for more But where, upon the trail of a person accused of an offence, the previous commission by the accused of an offence is relevant within the meaning of this Section, the previous conviction of such person shall also be a relevant fact. A denies that rent was due from C to B. A is tried for the murder of B. Type my essay for me every hour is grace A sues B for a libel imputing disgraceful conduct to A; B affirms that the matter alleged to be libelous is true. 8 1/2 x 14 Paper - Legal Size - $3.99 Flat rate shipping on any order over $15.00 Act relating to the relevancy of facts. If in a given case, the whole of the testimony of the witness is impugned and in the process, the witness stands squarely and totally discredited the Judge should, as a matter of prudence, discard his evidence in toto; Pandappa Hanumappa Nanamar v. A, accused of theft is seen to give the stolen property to B, who is seen to give it to A's wife. State of Madhya Pradesh, (1997) 4 Supreme 359. Kajalkanti Biswas, AIR 1999 Gau 101. The fact that, on that day, A was at Lahore, is relevant. The question is, whether his false entry was accidental or intentional. Court may take judicial notice of widespread malaise of illegal immigration and exploitation of young-ones by unauthorised recruiting agents; M. A sues B for inducing C to break a contract of service made by him with A. Exception 1. For the purposes of this section, dowry death shall have the same meaning as in section 304B of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860). Non-examination of executants of receipt, admissibility of receipts not proper; Ramkrishna Dode v. A lunatic is not incompetent to testify, unless he is prevented by his lunacy from understanding the questions put to him and giving rational answers to them. To claim equity, the petitioner must explain previous conduct; Bhopal Singh v.

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This statement is relevant as showing A's motive for the assault, and evidence may be given of it, though no other evidence is given about the letter. The evidence is inadmissible. It is proposed to prove that he denied the possession of the property. A agrees to accompany B to Hyderabad. Sher Singh, AIR 1981 SC 1021: 1981 SC Cr R 317: 1981 Cr LJ 714: (1981) 2 SCC 300. A copy transcribed from a copy, but afterwards compared with the original, is secondary evidence, but the copy not so compared is not secondary evidence of the original, although the copy from which it was transcribed was compared with the original. Explanation 1. State of Bihar, (1997) 2 Crimes 297 (Pat). This being a fact observed by B in the course of his employment, showing that a fraud has been committed since the commencement of the proceedings, it is not protected from disclosure. The fact that, A had been previously convicted of delivering to another person as genuine a counterfeit coin knowing it to be counterfeit is relevant. Who may testify? Dwarka Prasad, AIR 1974 SC 117. State of Jharkhand, AIR 2003 SC 854. Facts, not otherwise relevant, are relevant if they support or are inconsistent with the opinion of experts when such opinions are relevant. Explanation 2. It is thoroughly unsafe to rely on the evidence of the tutored witness; Krishna Mohali v. Explanation 3. The fact that, at the time when he left home he had sudden and urgent business at the place to which he went is relevant, as tending to explain the fact that he left home suddenly. The courts generally look for independent reliable corroboration before placing any reliance upon an extra-judicial confession; Balwinder Singh v. A fact discovered in an information supplied by the accused in his disclosure statement is a relevant fact and that is only admissible in evidence if something new is discovered or recovered from the accused which was not within the knowledge of the police before recording the disclosure statement of the accused; Kamal Kishore v. A is on his trail for the murder of C. Provided that such opinion shall not be sufficient to prove a marriage in proceedings under the Indian Divorce Act, 1869 (4 of 1869) or in prosecutions under section 494, 495, 497 or 498 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860). M. S. Jain, AIR 1999 Del 281. He must prove it. When accused declined to cross-examine witness and thereafter the said witness is not available for cross-examination, the evidence of such witness recorded is admissible in evidence but that will have to be true to that account; Nandram v. Setti Gangadhara Swamy, AIR 2005 SC 800. A and B are jointly tried for the murder of C. He must not be allowed to prove his want of title. Inayatullah v. That there are certain objects arranged in a certain order in a certain place, is a fact. This Act may be called the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. S. Mohan v. Sandhya Mohan, AIR 1993 Mad 59. Explanation - In Section 52,53,54 and 55, the word character includes both reputation and disposition; but 1except as provided in Section 54, evidence may be given only a general reputation and general disposition and not of particular acts by which reputation or disposition was shown. V. Narayana v. They are not concerned with the number of witnesses examined by the prosecution; Raja v. When there is a conflict of opinion between the experts, then the Court is competent to form its own opinion with regard to signatures on a document; Kishan Chand v. When the language used in a document is, on its face, ambiguous or defective, evidence may not be given of facts which would show its meaning or supply its defects. Accused is entitled to be acquitted; State of Haryana v. A sues B for land of which B is in possession, and which, as A asserts, was left to A by the will of C, B's father. In criminal proceedings the fact that the person accused is of good character, is relevant. Esterline Mariana R. Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc. A previous conviction is relevant as evidence of bad character. Weapon of cross-examination is a powerful weapon by which the defence can separate truth from falsehood piercing through the evidence given by the witness, who has been examined in examination-in-chief. Threatening letters previously sent by A to B may be proved, as showing the intention of the letters. If the first information report is given by the accused to a police officer and amounts to a confessional statement, proof of the confession is prohibited by section 25; Aghnu Nagesia v. The mortgagor is in possession. As to illustration (b)-A crime is committed by several persons. Buy It Now & Get Free Bonus. The right of the villagers of a particular village to use the water of a particular well is a general right within the meaning of this section. Documents are said to be in proper custody if they are in the place in which, and under the care of the person with whom, they would naturally be; but no custody is improper if it is proved to have had a legitimate origin, or if the circumstances of the particular case are such as to render such an origin probable. If a witness is asked any question tending to impeach his impartiality, and answers it by denying the facts suggested, he may be contradicted. When the language used applies partly to one set of existing facts and, partly to another set of existing facts, but the whole of it does not apply correctly to either, evidence may be given to show to which of the two it was meant to apply. Such statements are relevant whether the person who made them was or was not, at the time when they were made, under expectation of death, and whatever may be the nature of the proceeding in which the cause of his death comes into question. It had noting to do with carrying the conspiracy into effect; Mirza Akbar v. A may prove a statement by B that the deed is genuine, and B may prove a statement by A that the deed is forged; but A cannot prove a statement by himself that the deed is genuine nor con B Prove a statement by himself that the deed is gorged. The question is as to the date of A's birth. Politics. Republicans see turnaround in Bayh-Young race. Republicans see turnaround in Bayh-Young race Democrats concede that their initial strategy of scaring off State of Maharashtra, AIR 1992 SC 1180. A has been in possession of landed property for a long time. Indian Navy (Discipline) Act, 1934 (34 of 1934)5 6[or the Air Force Act] (7 Geo. When a public officer is required by law to be appointed in writing, and when it is shown that any particular person had acted as such officer, the writing by which he is appointed need not be proved. The remarks of a crowd of spectators on these points may be proved.

The fact of previous publications by A respecting B, showing ill-will on the part of A towards B is relevant, as proving A's intention to harm B's reputation by the particular publication in question. Where there are more originals than one, one original only need be proved. The validity of any such objection shall be decided on by the Court. M. Malkani v. Where confession was not disclosed to the wife of deceased but it was disclosed to the police officer and was not corroborated, the extrajudicial confession is not reliable; Surinder Kumar v. For the purposes of this section, the expressions addressee and originator shall have the same meanings respectively assigned to them in clauses (b) and (za) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000. The examination of a witness by the adverse party shall be called his cross-examination. The extra-judicial confession not trustworthy cannot be used for corroboration of any other evidence; Heramba Brahma v. Evidence is offered to show that, on a previous occasion, he said that he had not delivered the goods to B. In case (b), the written admission is admissible. These facts may be proved to show that the deed related to the house at Howrah. A is accused of fraudulently having in his possession counterfeit coin which he knew to be counterfeit. Need help do my essay about the philippines K. Palaniammal, AIR 1999 Mad 40. Where a document is executed in counterparts, each counterpart being executed by one or some of the parties only, each counterpart is primary evidence as against the parties executing it. The Law of Evidence does not require any particular number of witnesses to be examined in proof of a given fact. Falsus in uno, Falsus in Omnibus is not a rule of evidence in criminal trail and it is duty of the Court to engage the truth from falsehood, to shift grain from the chaff; Triloki Nath v.

Pentakota Seetharatnam, AIR 2005 SC 4362. A hires lodgings of B, and gives B a card on which is written-Rooms, Rs. State of Orissa, AIR 1980 SC 559. A, accused of murder, alleges, that by grave and sudden provocation, he was deprived of the power of self-control. Gauri Shankar Jalan, AIR 2007 Gau 20. If prima facie evidence of existence of a conspiracy is given and accepted, the evidence of acts and statements made by anyone of the conspirators in furtherance of the common object is admissible against all; Jayendra Saraswati Swamigal v. State of Rajasthan, (1997) 2 Crimes 125 (Raj). Any questions suggesting the answer which the person putting it wishes or expects to receive is called a leading question. The confessional statement recorded by 1st Class Magistrate rightly held to be correct; Manguli Dei v. Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860). Aid of section 71 can be taken only when the attesting witnesses, who have been called, deny or fail to recollect the execution of the document to prove it by other evidence; Janaki Narayan Bhoir v. State of Andhra Pradesh, 2000 Cr LJ 321 (AP). A desires a Court to give judgment that he is entitled to certain land in the possession of B, by reason of facts which he asserts, and which B denies to be true. Your trusted source for precision quality Laser & CNC cutting & engraving We will work closely with you on special projects & items! Providing precision laser cutting Limited Time Offer, Buy It Now! A protest made by the Captain, whose attendance cannot be procured, is a relevant fact. A may prove these facts for the reasons stated in the last proceeding illustration. The question is whether certain goods ordered from B were delivered to A. A's defence is that B's contract was with C. Facts showing the existence of any state of mind, such as intention, knowledge, good faith, negligence, rashness, ill-will or goodwill towards any particular person, or showing the existence of any state of body or bodily feeling, are relevant, when the existence of any such state of mind or body or bodily feeling is in issue or relevant. C. Bureau, 1999 Cr LJ 3972 (SC). It is not illegal to act upon the uncorroborated evidence of an accomplice it is a rule of prudence so universally followed as to amount almost to a rule of law that it is unsafe to act upon the evidence of an accomplice unless it is corroborated in material respect so as to implicate the accused and further that the evidence of one accomplice cannot be used to corroborate the evidence of another accomplice; Bhuboni Sabu v. The contract mentioned the fact that B had paid A the price of other in contracted for verbally on another occasion. Under the law the court has power to compare signatures/handwriting strengthening its finding based on other cogent material and evidence on record; Satish Jayanthilal Shah v. If a contradiction is put to witness and it is denied by him even then it will not amount putting contradiction to witness; Shaik Subhani v. Where there is a question as to the good faith of a transaction between parties, one of whom stands to the other in a position of active confidence, the burden of proving the good faith of the transaction is on the party who is in a position of active confidence. When the facts are such that the language used might have been meant to apply to any one, and could not have been meant to apply to more than one of several persons or things evidence may be given of facts which show of those persons or things it was intended to apply to. Where any such document as is referred to in sub-section (1) was registered in accordance with the law relating to registration of documents and a duly certified copy thereof is produced, the court may presume that the signature and every other part of such document which purports to be in the handwriting of any particular person, it is that person's handwriting, and in the case of a document executed or attested, that it was duly executed and attested by the person by whom it purports to have been executed or attested. A is asked whether he himself was not on that day at Calcutta.

Where the ocular evidence is very clear and convincing and the role of the accused person in the crime stands clearly established, establishment of motive is not a sine qua non for proving the prosecution case; Yunis alias Kariya v. State (Delhi Administration), AIR 2003 SC 1311. The statement of the accused leading to the discovery, or the informatory statement amounting to confession of the accused, cannot be used against the co-accused with the aid of section 303; Kamal Kishore v. A. Presumption as to electronic agreements.- The Court shall presume that every electronic record purporting to be an agreement containing the digital signatuers of the parties was so concluded by affixing the digital signature of the parties. The existence of any separate oral agreement as to any matter on which a document is silent, and which is not inconsistent with its terms, may be proved. Relevancy and effect of judgment, order or decrees, other than those mentioned in Section 41. An admission may be proved by or on behalf of the person making it, when it consists of a statement of the existence of any state of mind or body, relevant or in issue, made at or about the time when such state of mind or body existed, and is accompanied by conduct rendering its falsehood improbable. If there is unexplained and unreasonable delay in putting up the accused persons for a test identification the delay by itself detracts from the credibility of the test; Raj Nath v. As the defence of a man known to be guilty is not a criminal purpose, this communication is protected from disclosure. The facts that, B procured arms in Europe for the purpose of the conspiracy, C collected money in Calcutta for a like object, D Persuaded persons to join the conspiracy in Bombay. Pay to write my paper 15 november 2011 It must stand on its own legs. A is tried for a riot and is proved to have marched at the head of a mob. State of Uttar Pradesh, (1997) 1 Crimes 500 (All). A sells to B, by deed my estate at Rampur containing 100 bighas. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1994 SC 1594. State of Bombay, AIR 1958 SC 22. Conviction can be based on sole evidence if it inspires confidence; Sheelam Ramesh v. By suitor in representative character - Statements made by parties to suits suing or sued in a representative character, are not admissions, unless they were made while the party making them held that character. The facts that, other entries made by A in the same book are false, and that the false entry is in each case in favour of A, are relevant. B, cannot be asked what A said, except upon the special order of the superior Court. State of Karnataka, (1997) 3 Supreme Today 63. State of Bihar, AIR 1966 SC 119. That the FIR as well as the statement given by the injured to the investigating officer is not admissible as dying declaration under section 32; Sukhar v. The examination of a witness, subsequent to the cross-examination by the party who called him, shall be called his re-examination. Matthew is using Socrative in an online Geometry course for advanced math students. He uses Socrative to connect with students online, and he has found its clear data The question is, whether A committed a crime at Calcutta on a certain day.
It is not open for court to compare a handwriting and/or a signature of its own, services of experts are liable to be taken for this purpose; Shyam Sundar Chowkhani v. No one shall be permitted to give any evidence derived from unpublished official records relating to any affairs of State, except wit the permission of the officer at the head of the department concerned, who shall give or withhold such permission as he thinks fit. B seeks to produce the document itself to contradict the secondary evidence given by A, or in order to show that the agreement is not stamped. The question is, whether a certain document is the will of A. The question is, whether a given road is a public way. Plea of alibi taken by accused, it is he who has to prove it; State of Haryana v. It is proved that he was in possession of a particular stolen article. The question is, whether A was in Calcutta on a given day. Type my essay for me this is heaven lyrics Changing the Paper Size in For US versions of Microsoft Word, the default paper size is 8.5 X 11 inch If your paper size is not in the list, select Custom 2/8/2016 · Встроенное видео · 2016 free internet on andriod on opera mini here the link to download hacked opera mini As to illustration (f)-The question is, whether a letter was received. A is accused of fraudulently delivering to another person a counterfeit coin which, at the time when he delivered it, he knew each and all of the articles of which he was in possession to be stolen. A desires a Court to give judgment that B shall be punished for a crime which A says B has committed. Provided that no such answer, which a witness shall be compelled to give, shall subject him to any arrest or prosecution, or be proved against him in any criminal proceeding, except a prosecution for giving false evidence by such answer. An admission is a statement, 1oral or documentary which suggests any inference as to any fact in issue or relevant fact, and which is made by any of the persons and under the circumstances hereinafter mentioned.